Sabtu, 19 Juli 2014

Using L1 or L2?


USINGFULL ENGLISH (L2) WHEN TEACHING YOUNG LEARNERS, WHY NOT?

by: Fuat Ginanjar
English Department of Teacher Training Faculty
UNP Kediri

There is a big discussion dealing with teaching English, as the second language at Young Learners (YL), using the first language or the second language. Both have its own reason why it should be L1 (native language) or L2 (target language) applied in the class. I myself do think that it should be L2 and L1. Most of the expert suggested that we should use L2 to teach young learners. Yet let’s discuss in some points of view.
There are some reasons why teachers prefer in using L1 in teaching the second language at YL than L2. The first, teachers may feel of worrying due to their students couldn’t catch the meaning of a word in a target language if the teachers communicated in L2. This may occur due to they have limited vocabulary in mastering L2, especially in giving simple explanation of some words in target language to their students.
The second, since the native language is well built, it would be easier for teacher to explain the meaning in the first language. This may occur whenever the teacher doesn’t want to take a risk to let their students in a big confused feeling.
In contrary, most of the experts believe that teachers should use L2 in teaching the second language to young learners for some reasons. The first reason is dealing with the time. Time has the great ally in acquiring the language proficiency[1]. Imagine, how many times would we teach in a week? We may only have 2 times a week. Then, how many hours do we spend to meet them in each day? It is approximately 30 to 35 minutes a day. If there is only 60 to 70 minutes a week to teach the second language, then how is our effort to maximum the result? It is certainly we must communicate using L2.
The next, Lyster in the Bridge stated that children need to practice the language aspects in meaningful, communicative activities[2]. Children spend much time in home. Therefore, they can practice using the second language with their parents if their parents also speak that language. But the environment is different because most of Indonesian doesn’t speak another language except their mother language. It is only with teacher they can practice to communicate in the second language.
The third reason that teacher should teach using the target language is because YL doesn’t speak the second language outside of class. Stefan Thomson in his journal stated that Young Learners have a little contact with native English speakers outside of the classroom[3]. This thus is strengthened by the statement of Tarone and Swain[4] that the young learners choose the L1 for social interaction while using the L2 for structured classroom tasks. Therefore class is only the place where they can practice the language.
The last important reason to teach using target language is because children have a different variety of input in getting the second language. Let’s see around us. Most of their home has a Tv, radio and may be a Pc. But, do they use them to get the second language? Probably yes and not few say no. So, the only source of the second language is only from teachers. Zuzana Strakova even emphasized to use variety of input that seems to be lacking in the classrooms[5]
There is no doubt that teacher now days should teach their students, Young Learners, using target language (L2). Then what are we waiting for as candidate of teacher? Get prepare with appropriate strategies and start using L2.

  




[2] LaVan, Cindy. (2001). Help! They’re Using Too Much English. The Bridge: From Research to Practice. Retrived April 2, 2014, from www.carla.umn.edu
[3] Thomson, Stefan. (no year). Teaching Young Learners: Adapting the Classroom for YELLs. University of Birmingham. Retrieved April 2, 2014, from www.birmingham.ac.uk
[5] www.pulib.sk

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